2,312 research outputs found
Malaysia’s Policy Responses to the Panic of 1997: An Islamic Perspective
This thesis explores the rationale behind the decisions of the Malaysian policymakers in response to the Panic of 1997, as Malaysia is the only country that had rejected the Washington Consensus while the rest of the crisis-affected countries pursued the orthodox policies. The thesis is to investigate whether the reasons behind the policy responses were due to adhering to the underlying principles of Shariah or mere political pragmatism.
Identified by the World Bank as a newly industrialising economy (NIE), Malaysia symbolises a developing country with an impressive growth rate in the last thirty years prior to the Panic of 1997. The transformation to a rapid economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s resulted from a change of policies regarding social and economic development. It was a widespread perception that the reason for Malaysia’s rejection of IMF’s involvement was primarily due to prevent any intervention in its existing social affirmative action policy known as the New Economic Policy (NEP). Concurrently, Prime Minister Mahathir’s strong advocation towards the Islamisation policy had also made a significant impact in the development of Malaysia’s policy framework.
The Washington Consensus via the IMF delegitimised the prevailing economic system in Southeast Asia by blaming the structural deficiencies in the financial and corporate sectors of the countries as the root cause of the Panic of 1997. The IMF believed that the Washington Consensus presents a model for institutional transformation. However, Malaysia had adopted the unorthodox capital control policy as a policy response, while the rest of the crisis-affected countries had accepted the Washington Consensus. The thesis adopts a historical institutional analysis in explaining the significance of the Islamisation policy and the importance of upholding the NEP and the likely impact of its reversal or revocation
A New Transport Regime in the Quantum Hall Effect
This paper describes an experimental identification and characterization of a
new low temperature transport regime near the quantum Hall-to-insulator
transition. In this regime, a wide range of transport data are compactly
described by a simple phenomenological form which, on the one hand, is
inconsistent with either quantum Hall or insulating behavior and, on the other
hand, is also clearly at odds with a quantum-critical, or scaling, description.
We are unable to determine whether this new regime represents a clearly defined
state or is a consequence of finite temperature and sample-size measurements.Comment: Revtex, 3 pages, 2 figure
The Quantized Hall Insulator: A New Insulator in Two-Dimensions
Quite generally, an insulator is theoretically defined by a vanishing
conductivity tensor at the absolute zero of temperature. In classical
insulators, such as band insulators, vanishing conductivities lead to diverging
resistivities. In other insulators, in particular when a high magnetic field
(B) is added, it is possible that while the magneto-resistance diverges, the
Hall resistance remains finite, which is known as a Hall insulator. In this
letter we demonstrate experimentally the existence of another, more exotic,
insulator. This insulator, which terminates the quantum Hall effect series in a
two-dimensional electron system, is characterized by a Hall resistance which is
approximately quantized in the quantum unit of resistance h/e^2. This insulator
is termed a quantized Hall insulator. In addition we show that for the same
sample, the insulating state preceding the QHE series, at low-B, is of the HI
kind.Comment: 4 page
Hairy Black Holes and Null Circular Geodesics
Einstein-matter theories in which hairy black-hole configurations have been
found are studied. We prove that the nontrivial behavior of the hair must
extend beyond the null circular orbit (the photonsphere) of the corresponding
spacetime. We further conjecture that the region above the photonsphere
contains at least 50% of the total hair's mass. We support this conjecture with
analytical and numerical results.Comment: 5 page
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Improving the reliability of model-based decision-making estimates in the two-stage decision task with reaction-times and drift-diffusion modeling
A well-established notion in cognitive neuroscience proposes that multiple brain systems contribute to choice behaviour. These include: (1) a model-free system that uses values cached from the outcome history of alternative actions, and (2) a model-based system that considers action outcomes and the transition structure of the environment. The widespread use of this distinction, across a range of applications, renders it important to index their distinct influences with high reliability. Here we consider the two-stage task, widely considered as a gold standard measure for the contribution of model-based and model-free systems to human choice. We tested the internal/temporal stability of measures from this task, including those estimated via an established computational model, as well as an extended model using drift-diffusion. Drift-diffusion modeling suggested that both choice in the first stage, and RTs in the second stage, are directly affected by a model-based/free trade-off parameter. Both parameter recovery and the stability of model-based estimates were poor but improved substantially when both choice and RT were used (compared to choice only), and when more trials (than conventionally used in research practice) were included in our analysis. The findings have implications for interpretation of past and future studies based on the use of the two-stage task, as well as for characterising the contribution of model-based processes to choice behaviour
Universality in the Crossover between Edge Channel and Bulk Transport in the Quantum Hall Regime
We present a new theoretical approach for the integer quantum Hall effect,
which is able to describe the inter-plateau transitions as well as the
transition to the Hall insulator. We find two regimes (metallic and insulator
like) of the top Landau level, in which the dissipative bulk current appears in
different directions. The regimes are separated by a temperature invariant
point.Comment: 4 page, 2 eps figures included, submitte
Evidence for a Finite Temperature Insulator
In superconductors the zero-resistance current-flow is protected from
dissipation at finite temperatures (T) by virtue of the short-circuit condition
maintained by the electrons that remain in the condensed state. The recently
suggested finite-T insulator and the "superinsulating" phase are different
because any residual mechanism of conduction will eventually become dominant as
the finite-T insulator sets-in. If the residual conduction is small it may be
possible to observe the transition to these intriguing states. We show that the
conductivity of the high magnetic-field insulator terminating superconductivity
in amorphous indium-oxide exhibits an abrupt drop, and seem to approach a zero
conductance at T<0.04 K. We discuss our results in the light of theories that
lead to a finite-T insulator
The fastest way to circle a black hole
Black-hole spacetimes with a "photonsphere", a hypersurface on which massless
particles can orbit the black hole on circular null geodesics, are studied. We
prove that among all possible trajectories (both geodesic and non-geodesic)
which circle the central black hole, the null circular geodesic is
characterized by the {\it shortest} possible orbital period as measured by
asymptotic observers. Thus, null circular geodesics provide the fastest way to
circle black holes. In addition, we conjecture the existence of a universal
lower bound for orbital periods around compact objects (as measured by
flat-space asymptotic observers): , where is the
mass of the central object. This bound is saturated by the null circular
geodesic of the maximally rotating Kerr black hole.Comment: 5 page
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